How Do I Use Crutches?

Sizing Crutches
Even if you've already been fitted for crutches, make sure your crutch pads and handgrips are set at the proper distances, as follows:

• Crutch pad distance from armpits: The crutch pads (tops of crutches) should be 1 1/2" to 2" (about two finger widths) below the armpits, with the shoulders relaxed.
• Handgrips: Place it so your elbow is slightly bent- enough so that you can fully extend your elbow when you take a step. 
• Crutch length (top to bottom): The total crutch length should equal the distance from your armpit to about 6" in front of a shoe. 

Begin the Tripod Position
The tripod position is the position in which you stand when using crutches. It is also the position in which you begin walking. To get into the tripod position, place the crutch tips about 4" to 6" to the side and in front of each foot. Stand on your "good" foot (the one that is weight-bearing).
Walking With Crutches
If your foot and ankle surgeon has told you to avoid ALL weight-bearing, you will need sufficient upper body strength to support all your weight with just your arms and shoulders.

1. Begin in the tripod position, remembering to keep all your weight on your "good" (weight-bearing) foot.
2. Advance both crutches and the affected foot/leg.
3. Move the "good" weight-bearing foot/leg forward (beyond the crutches).
4. Advance both crutches, and then the affected foot/leg.
5. Repeat steps #3 and #4.
Managing Chairs With Crutches
To get into and out of a chair safely:
1. Make sure the chair is stable and will not roll or slide. It must have arms and back support.
2. Stand with the backs of your legs touching the front of the seat.
3. Place both crutches in one hand, grasping them by the handgrips.
4. Hold on to the crutches (on one side) and the chair arm (on the other side) for balance and stability while lowering yourself to a seated position, or raising yourself from the chair to stand up.
Managing Stairs Without Crutches
The safest way to go up and down stairs is to use your seat, not your crutches.
To go up stairs:
1. Seat yourself on a low step.
2. Move your crutches upstairs by one of these methods:

• If distance and reach allow, place the crutches at the top of the staircase.
• If this isn't possible, place crutches as far up the stairs as you can, and then move them to the top as you progress up the stairs. 

3. In the seated position, reach behind you with both arms.
4. Use your arms and weight-bearing foot/leg to lift yourself up one step.
5. Repeat this process one step at a time (Remember to move the crutches to the top of the staircase if you haven't already done so.).
To go down stairs:
1. Seat yourself on the top step.
2. Move your crutches downstairs by sliding them to the lowest possible point on the stairway. Then continue to move them down as you progress down the stairs.
3. In the seated position, reach behind you with both arms.
4. Use your arms and weight-bearing foot/leg to lift yourself down one step.
5. Repeat this process one step at a time (Remember to move the crutches to the bottom of the staircase if you haven't already done so.).
IMPORTANT! 
Follow These Rules for Safety and Comfort

• Don't look down. Look straight ahead as you normally do when you walk. 
• Don't use crutches if you feel dizzy or drowsy.
• Don't walk on slippery surfaces. Avoid snowy, icy, or rainy conditions.
• Don't put any weight on the affected foot if your doctor has so advised.
• Do make sure your crutches have rubber tips.
• Do wear well-fitting, low-heel shoes (or shoe).
• Do position the crutch hand grips correctly (See "Sizing Your Crutches).
• Do keep the crutch pads 1 1/2" to 2" below your armpits.
• Do call your foot and ankle surgeon if you have any questions or difficulties. 

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Do I Have To Do That? Teen Foot Care 101

Keeping your feet healthy can help you avoid embarrassing and uncomfortable problems such as athlete's foot, foot odor, and toenail fungus. Follow these steps for healthy feet:
Wash your feet daily with soap and water. It's tempting just to swish your feet around in the shower but today's podiatrist says it's important to use soap to remove germs and grime. Don't forget to wash in between your toes!

Keep feet dry. Fungus, including the kind that causes athlete's foot, loves to grow in moist, damp environments, so after your shower dry your feet thoroughly, paying extra attention to the spaces between your toes. If your socks get wet during the day, change socks (It's not a bad idea to keep an extra pair in your locker or gym bag!).
Trim toenails on a slight curve. Too long toenails not only wreck your socks and look crazy, but they can harbor bacteria (eww!). Use a pair of toenail clippers to cut your toenails to just above or at the edge of your toe. Some docs will tell you to cut straight across, but a slight curve is ok too.
Wear supportive, properly fitted shoes. Improperly fitted, unsupportive shoes are a major cause of foot pain and injury. Don't worry- you don't have to wear granny shoes to get good support.

Secrets to Avoiding a Sandal Scandal

This summer's stylish sandals are definite attention grabbers, but will they force you to focus on the pain they are causing your feet? The American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA) has seven secrets to avoiding a sandal scandal this summer. Follow this podiatrist approved advice so you can enjoy the fun and sun with pain-free feet. Be sure to share these secrets, including the APMA accepted products, with family and friends!

1. Flats and Slides
Problem: arch and heel pain; inadequate cushioning and foot support.
Secret Solution: avoiding prolonged wearing; try cushioned inserts for shock absorption such as APMA accepted Foot Petals' Amazing Arches; select a sole that doesn't twist excessively. (Pictured are LifeStride Mateo Sandals)

2. Gladiator and Strappy Sandals
Problem: irritation between toes; callus and dead skin build-up around the heels; lack of support and shock absorption.
Secret Solution: select natural materials such as a soft, supple leather, ensure proper fit with no toes or heels hanging off the edge. (Pictured are Michael Antonio Dryden Sandals)

3. Platform and High Heels
Problem: pain in the ball of the foot and ankle injuries.
Secret Solution: wear lower, more stable heels (less than 2 inches in height); use an APMA accepted insert, such as Insolia. (Pictured are Miu-Miu Double Cross Platforms)

4. Wedge and Espadrille Sandals
Problem: ankle twist or sprain; instability and difficulty walking.
Secret Solution: try a wider, flatter wedge, rubber sole with good traction. (Pictured are Madden Girl Elivia Sandal)

5. Peep-toe Sandals
Problem: loads of pressure on the tootsies; bunions and hammertoes.
Secret Solution: wear only for short periods of time; insert Giovanna Toe Cushion by Heaven4Toes, an APMA accepted product. (Pictured are Kelly & Katie Quench Sandals)

6. Ankle Wrap Sandals
Problem: lack of adequate ankle support; friction causing blisters.
Secret Solution: try ankle wraps made of a soft, breathable material such as leather, cotton, or satin; ankle wrap not too tight; apply APMA accepted Strappy Strips by Foot Petals. (Pictured are Zigi Soho Carol Sandal)
7. Overall Persistent Pain
Secret Solution: See a podiatrist! Podiatrists are uniquely qualified to diagnose and treat conditions of the foot and ankle.

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May is Melanoma Awareness Month

You may be wondering why podiatrists would be writing about melanoma, but this deadly cancer affects your feet and ankles as well. Protecting and preventing melanoma on all parts of your body is crucial.
Melanoma is a cancer that begins in the cells of the skin that produce pigmentation (coloration). It is also called malignant melanoma because it spreads to other areas of the body as it grows beneath the surface of the skin. Unlike many other types of cancer, melanoma strikes people of all age groups, even the young.
Melanoma that occurs in the foot or ankle often goes unnoticed during its earliest stage, when it would be more easily treated. By the time melanoma of the foot or ankle is diagnosed, it frequently has progressed to an advanced rate, accounting for a high mortality rate. This makes it extremely important to follow prevention and early detection measures involving the feet as well as other parts of the body.
Most cases of melanoma are caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds. This exposure can include intense UV radiation obtained during shorter periods, or lower amounts of radiation obtained over longer periods.
Anyone can get melanoma, but some factors put a person at greater risk for developing this type of cancer. These include:

• Fair skin; skin that freckles; blond or red hair
• Blistering sunburns before the age of 18
• Numerous moles, especially if they appear at a young age. 

Melanoma can occur anywhere on the skin, even in areas of the body not exposed to the sun. Melanoma usually looks like a spot on the skin that is predominantly brown, black, or blue- although in some cases it can  be mostly red or even white. However, not all areas of discoloration on the skin are melanoma.
There are four signs- known as the ABCDs of melanoma- to look for when self-inspecting moles and other spots on the body:
A: Melanoma is usually asymmetric, which means one half is different in shape from the other half.
B: Border irregularity often indicates melanoma. The border- or edge- is typically ragged, notched, or blurred.
C: Melanoma is typically a mix of colors or hues, rather than a single, solid color.
D: Melanoma grows in diameter, whereas moles remain small. A spot that is larger than 5 millimeters (the size of a pencil eraser) is cause for concern.
If any of these signs are present on the foot, it is important to see a foot and ankle surgeon right away. It is also essential to see a surgeon if there is discoloration of any size underneath a toenail (unless the discoloration was caused by trauma, such as stubbing a toe or having something fall on it).
To diagnose melanoma, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask the patient a few questions. For example: Is the spot old or new? Have you noticed any changes in size or color? If so, how rapidly has this change occurred?
The surgeon will also examine the spot to determine whether a biopsy is necessary. If a biopsy is performed and it reveals melanoma, the surgeon will discuss a treatment plan.
Everyone should practice strategies that can help prevent melanoma- or at least aid in early detection, so that early treatment can be undertaken.
Precautions to avoid getting melanoma of the foot and ankle, as well as general precautions, include:

• Wear water shoes or shoes and socks- flip flops do not provide protection!
• Use adequate sunscreen in areas that are unprotected by clothing or shoes. Be sure to apply sunscreen on the soles as well as the tops of the feet. 
• Inspect all areas of the feet daily- including the soles, underneath toenails, and between the toes.
• If you wear nail polish, remove it occasionally so that you can inspect the skin underneath the toenails.
• Avoid UV radiation during the sun's peak hours (10am to 4pm), beginning at birth. While sun exposure is harmful at any age, it is especially damaging to children and adolescents.
• Wear sunglasses that block 100% of all UV rays- both UVA and UVB.
• Wear a wide brimmed hat.

Remember: Early detection is crucial with malignant melanoma. If you see any of the ABCD signs- or if you have discoloration beneath a toenail that is unrelated to trauma- be sure to visit a foot and ankle surgeon as soon as possible.
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New Spring/Summer Sneakers

From Prevention Magazine
Here is a round-up of the season's best sneakers for all occasions.

Best for Cross Training: Pumagility $85
The wide base on these colorful trainers keeps your foot stable, especially during the side-to-side exercises like speed-skater hops or lateral lunges. The EverTrack sole enhances grip for quick stop-and-go movements, such as during cone drills, and the spacious toe box gives tootsies ample room. The polygonal foam midsole squeezes and elongates during impact, boosting shock absorption.

Best for Low-Impact Cardio: Reebok RealFlex Transition: $100
These fun-to-wear sneaks are our top pick for low-impact cardio sessions, such as Zumba, dance DVDs, even an easy walk to and from yoga class. Instead of a solid sole, 76 individual foam nodes support you, allowing your feet to move naturally and making arches feel massaged with each step. The removable foam sock liner lets you slip in orthotics.

Best for Overweight Walkers: Nike LunarGlide+ 3: $110
These sneaks give overweight feet and joints the TLC they're after: Ultrasoft Lunarion foam cushions soles heel to toe, supports arches, and reduces impact to knees. The extra foam layer under the heel softens even the hardest landing. A midfoot strap boosts the tightening power of traditional laces by pulling the upper around your foot from the shoe's bottom, not just the sides. The result: a made-just-for-you fit.

Best for Feeling Like You're Barefoot: Brooks PureConnect: $90
These nearly weightless runners get you close to the road without entirely sacrificing cushion and support. The flexible sole allows your foot to bend naturally while protecting it on rough terrain. One caveat: They run small. Don't be surprised if you need a half size bigger than usual. The mesh upper increases airflow, keeping sweaty feet cool.

Best For Running Errands: Keen Sienna MJ Canvas: $75
The soft textile upper of these cute Mary Janes makes them perfect for Saturday shopping trips or Sunday brunch. The wide elastic strap prevents slip-offs. Recycled cork lends give and shock absorption to the rubber soles.

Best For Day Hikes: Ahnu Sequoia: $110
These lightweight hikers work as well on city streets (they do look great with jeans) as on wooded paths. The grip on the Vibram sole keeps you stable on tricky terrain. A forefoot protection plate prevents stubbing toes on rocks.

Best For Interval Training: Adidas Adizero Adios 2: $115
The padded forefoot on this lightweight shoe cushions the ball of your foot during sprints, making it easier to pick up the pace during run/walk intervals. And the flexible midsole gives added bounce on the road, putting a motivating spring in your step. The tirelike rubber outsole offers extra traction on wet roads.

Best For Rainy Days: Teva Fuse-ion: $90
These kicks hold up to a full day of walking, even in wet weather- a waterproof nylon upper sheds water droplets. And forget slipping: The outsole is made from rubber originally designed to prevent chefs from falling on greasy kitchen floors. It turns into a slip-on! Step onto the padded, collapsible heel for a second stylish look.

Best For High-Mileage Walking: Asics Gel-Kayano 18: $150
This shoe is just right for logging mega miles. The shock-absorbing gel platform, covered with a soft-top foam designed for a woman's foot, provides the perfect amount of padding. Another bonus: The bouncy give inspires longer workouts! An external heel grip holds your foot in place, reducing friction.

Best For Elliptical Workouts:  New Balance 813: $80
These trainers minimize irritation and prevent discomfort during a hard-core sweat session, thanks to a pressure-relieving foam insert and strategically placed pads on the outsole that reduce impact. Result: You can last longer on cardio equipment. A stretchy upper allows your foot to expand during workouts, eliminating rubbing that can lead to blisters.
Steps To Finding the Perfect Sneaker Match
1. Partner with a pro. Specialized running/walking shoe stores (like Road Runner Sports) normally do an in-depth gait analysis- often going so far as to videotape your feet while you run or walk on a treadmill- to identify a shoe that will offer you the perfect amount of support and cushion.
2. Bring Your Old Pair. "The wear patterns on the soles of your old workout shoes offer many clues as to how your foot strikes the ground, which can help us determine the type of shoe that will fit you best," says Margaret Buehler, senior sales associate and expert shoe fitter at Fleet Feet Sports Chicago.
3. Don't Be Vain About Sizing. Running shoes often run about a size smaller than flats or heels, says Buehler. So if you're normally a size 8, don't be afraid to try on a 9.
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Stretches for Walking

These particular stretches are designed for people with arthritis, but even those without the condition could use them to strengthen their muscles.
Bridging
A. On a carpeted floor, lie on your back with knees bent, feet flat on the floor.
B. Tighten abs and buttocks and lift 3 to 6 inches off the floor. Hold for 6 seconds.
C. Return to starting position and repeat 10 to 12 times.
Side Leg Lift With Weights
A. Wearing 2 to 5 pound ankle weights, stand straight and hold the back of a chair.
B. Lift one leg straight out to the side from hip to about 45 degrees.
C. Slowly lower. Repeat 6 to 8 times with each leg.
Heel-Toe Lift
A. Stand straight, holding the back of a chair.
B. Lift heel and stand on toes. Hold for 3 seconds. Lower heels to floor.
C. Lift toes and hold for 3 seconds. Lower toes to floor. Repeat 6 to 8 times.
Back Leg Slide With Weights
A. Wearing 2 to 5 pound ankle weights, stand straight, holding the back of a chair.
B. Keeping leg straight and toes on floor, slide one foot back from hip until buttocks are tight.
C. Return to starting position and repeat 8 to 10 times with each leg.
Sitting Knee Bend and Extension With Weights
A. Wearing 2 to 5 pound ankle weights, sit up straight in a chair.
B. Straighten knee, lifting ankle weight even with hips.
C. Slowly bend knee, bringing ankle downward and under the chair. Repeat 6 to 8 times with each leg.
Standing Hamstring Curl With Weights
A. Wearing 2 to 5 pound ankle weights, stand straight, holding the back of a chair.
B. Bend one knee, and lift heel toward buttocks.
C. Slowly lower foot to the floor, and repeat 6 to 8 times with each leg.
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Shoe Do's and Don'ts

Why are we so hard on our feet? From a very early age, our mothers put us in shoes that are cute, but not necessarily practical. We move into our teens wearing flats and unsupportive sneakers and as adults we seal our feet's fate.
Or do we? Many women think they are destined to have their grandmother's ugly, gnarly feet, but that does not have to be the case. You do not have to give up cute shoes to have healthy and happy feet.
Follow these tips and you'll have healthy feet for a lifetime.

1. Don't wear high heels all day long. A 2010 study found that over a long period of time, wearing heels higher than 2 inches puts you at risk for osteoarthritis and joint degeneration. A new study shows that high heels are a leading cause of ingrown toenails and other toenail deformities. If you're going to wear high heels, make sure to put in orthotics and pick shoes smartly. Cap the heels at 2 inches and stay away from pointed toe shoes. Wear your highest heels for occasions where you won't be on your feet a long time.
2. Don't wear flip flops everywhere. We've said it before: keep your flip flops at home. They are not meant for everyday wear. Most flip flops are intended only for beach and pool wear. These floppy shoes cause stubbed toes, cuts, and sprained ankles. When selecting pairs not for the beach or pool, look for ones with supportive arches or ones that have the APMA Seal of Acceptance. Diabetics should remember that wearing flip flops are a "no no" as they put you at risk for cuts, contusions, and wounds.
3. Wear the right shoe for the right sport. With the weather heating up and more people heading outdoors to participate in their favorite sports, it is essential to pick out the right shoe for the right sport. If you're a serious athlete in a particular sport, you should consider getting a professional fitting.
4. Don't wear the same shoes every day. While it sounds like a no-brainer, for some it's a challenge. If you wear a uniform or have a particular type of shoes you need to wear, like steel toed boots, you're most likely wearing the same pair of shoes every day. If you have to wear the same type of shoe every day, buy two of the same and alternate them.
5. Stay away from hand-me-downs. Even shoes given from mother to daughter or brother to brother should be avoided. If mom has high arches, and daughter has flat feet, the shoes are not going to fit the same way. The shoes are already "broken in" as well, meaning the leather has stretched and the insole worn.
6. Get rid of worn out shoes. If your soles are talking to you, it's time to ditch them. Shoes that are worn every day should be tossed after 6 months. Running shoes last between 300 and 500 miles.
7. Sweating? Take 'em off. Fungal infections don't come just from public showers, pools, and locker rooms. They come from your shoes too! Your shoes are the best environment for fungus to grow: dark, damp, and sweaty. Change your socks and shoes regularly, and don't forget to wash your sneakers often.
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Gardening and Nail Fungus?

The bulbs are starting to poke their leaves out of the soil and the weather is getting warm. If you're like many, you're getting ready to put on your gardening gloves and shoes. Better be careful what type of shoes you put on however. Recent research from the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, the plastic-foam shoes often worn by gardeners, along with soil, may cause nail fungus.
We all know that fungus loves damp, moist environments, and those convenient, slip-on, foam shoes, worn with no socks, provide an excellent breeding ground.

The fungal infection stems from wearing knock-off versions of Crocs. In real Crocs, the patented plastic wicks water away from the skin. In faux Crocs, the plastic is not breathable, and moisture is locked in. Combined with the bacteria and protozoa from the soil, the risk of getting a skin or nail infection is very high.
Here's some tips on avoiding fungal infections while you're outside enjoying one of your favorite pastimes:

• Wear socks. Whether you're wearing real or fake Crocs, make sure you are wearing socks. The socks will help wick and keep away moisture from your feet. 
• Practice good hygiene. Wear gloves while you're gardening. If you're not into wearing gloves, make sure you wash your hand thoroughly. 
• Find better shoes. Shoes with open holes are not ideal for working out in the garden, especially when there's mud involved. Look for shoes with closed backs and no holes, like Croc Boots. 
• Know when you need treatment. Fungus is easy to get but difficult to get rid of on your own. Know when you need to call your podiatrist to help you get back to your favorite hobby fungus free. 

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What's Wrong With Flip Flops?

We know you are very happy to put away those heavy winter boots and closed toe shoes and let your feet be free. However, running out and restocking your favorite cheap pair of flip flops in every color is not something we would advise. Wearing well structured flip flops is not bad for you, but prolonged wear can be harmful. Research done by Justin Shroyer, PhD of University of Louisiana-Lafayette has shown that wearing flip flops changes a person's gait or walking pattern. As they walk, flip flop wearers try to grip and hold flip flops in place. Over time, this maneuver causes strain in the shin muscles and can lead to pain in the lower leg, knees, hip, and back. Following these easy tips can help you make better decisions about when and when not to wear flip flops.
1. Know your feet.
Remember when you were young and your mother may have asked you "If your friends asked you to jump off a bridge, would you do it too?" Well, just because everyone else is wearing flip flops does not mean you should too (or can). If you have high or flat arched feet, wearing flip flops is risky. The same goes for people with diabetes, as the open structure of flip flops provides the opportunity for more cuts, scrapes, and contusions.
2. Invest in quality.
We know it's tempting to run to your favorite department store and buy those cheap flip flops in every color, but they provide absolutely no support for your foot. You might as well be walking barefoot. We recommend wearing these type of flip flops only to the beach and instead looking for ones with more structure, support, and wider straps for prolonged use. You should look for ones that cup your heel and have arch support. For a list of American Podiatric Medical Association Seal of Acceptance flip flops, visit: apma.org.
3. Limit flip flop use to just a few hours. 
Even if you are wearing top of the line, best quality flip flops know those shoes are not meant or designed for all day, every day use. Flip flops should not be your primary shoe in the warmer months.
The APMA produced a great video last summer on avoiding a flip flop fiasco:

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10 Shoe Trends For Spring/Summer 2012

According to fashion experts, here is a top ten list of shoe trends to look for this spring and summer season:
1. Metallic Toes: Very durable; look for these shoes to be glamorous and trendy.

2. Pointed Toes: Look for the rounded toe sandals of the past few seasons to be replaced by pointed toe sandals.

3. Pastels: Inspired by Kate Middleton, look for nude shoes to dominate the market, along with pale green, yellow, and aqua.

4. Mega Platforms: Think Lady Gaga. Don't plan on wearing them for a long time or when you're going to be on your feet. 

5.Transparent Shoes: These debuted last year with mixed results, but this year designers have made them with vinyl. 

6. Shoes With Laces: Look good and are flattering on everyone.                   

7. Shining Shoes: Seen mostly on the runway but now made practical. Designers manufacturing them so they can be part of your everyday wardrobe. 

8. Braided Sandals: If you had purchased braided sandals several years ago and put them in the closet haul them out. They will be among the hottest trends this summer. Look for them in bright colors. Perfect for keeping your feet cool in the summer. 

9. Espadrilles and Wedges: A hot item from Dolce and Gabanna last year. A shoe style that was extremely popular in the 1960's and 1970's, making a comeback. 

10. Brightly Colored Shoes: Always great for the spring and summer. 

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Are Custom Orthotics For Me?

If you answer YES to any of these questions, please contact one of our offices today and make an appointment to be seen.

• I have had or currently have increased low back/buttock pain with prolonged standing or walking.
• I have had foot pain/heel pain with prolonged standing or walking.
• I walk or run recreationally/competitively.
• I stand on concrete throughout the day.
• I have had or have knee pain walking or going up the stairs or with prolonged standing.
• I have had or have hip pain with walking or prolonged standing.
• My feet have increased in size over the years.
• I have had or have shin pain with increased walking or running.
• I am diabetic.
• I have or think I have arthritis in my knees and hips.
• I have problems with calluses/corns on one or both of my feet.
• I have bunions or have had bunions on my feet in the past.
• My parents have had or have any of the above symptoms and have not found relief or comfort from them.
• I find walking tiring. 

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April Shoe of the Month: Kitten Heels

Modest and practical, the kitten heel can stand out in a crowd without overdoing it. Kitten heels not only give extra height but are also a great alternative to reducing pressure on the ball of the foot often caused by a higher heel. Because a kitten heel is typically not higher than one inch and is also a bit wider than the average heel, it offers more comfort and stability. Keep in mind, a heel that is three inches high creates seven times more stress than a one-inch heel.
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10 Fun Foot Facts

We think feet and ankles are pretty awesome here at Connecticut Foot Care Centers, and we'd like to share with you a few fun facts about the appendages that get you where you need to go!

1. Seventy-five percent of Americans will experience foot and ankle health problems of varying degrees of severity at one time or another in their lives.
2. The foot is an intricate structure containing 26 bones, 33 joints, 107 ligaments, 19 muscles and tendons that hold the structure together and allow it to move in a variety of ways. 
3. The 52 bones in your feet make up 1/4 of all the bones in your body. Just another reason to take good care of your feet!
4. The American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA) says the average person takes 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day. Those cover several miles, and they all add up to 115,000 miles in a lifetime- more than 4 times around the circumference of the world!
5. Shopping for shoes is best done in the afternoon, says the APMA. Your feet tend to swell during the day and it's best to buy shoes to fit them then. Have your feet measured every time you purchase shoes, and do it while you're standing. When you try on the shoes, try them on both feet; many people have one foot that is larger than the other, and it's best to fit the larger one. 
6. Your feet mirror your general health. Such conditions as arthritis, diabetes, nerve and circulatory disorders can show their initial symptoms in the feet- so foot ailments can be your first sign of more serious medical problems. 
7. The podiatric physician (doctor of podiatric medicine, or DPM) is the health care professional trained in the care of your feet and ankles. He or she receives conventional medical training, plus special training on the foot, ankle, and lower leg. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico require they pass rigorous state board examinations before they are licensed, and most require continuing education programs for regular license renewal. 
8. About 19 percent of the US population has an average of 1.4 foot problems a year. 
9. About 5 percent of the US population has foot infections, including Athlete's Foot, other fungal infections, and warts each year. 
10. About 5 percent of the US population has ingrown toenails or other toenail problems each year. 

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What's That Itching Between My Toes?

If you've noticed you've been itching between your toes a lot more lately and that area is red or scaly, you most likely have Athlete's Foot.

Athlete's Foot, also known as tinea pedis, is a skin disease caused by a fungus that occurs naturally between the toes. The fungus attacks the feet because shoes create a warm, dark, and humid environment that encourages fungus growth. Warm, damp areas around swimming pools, showers, and locker rooms are also breeding grounds for fungi. So with spring sports and summer weather coming up, the cases of Athlete's Foot will rise.

Symptoms of Athlete's Foot including drying skin, itching, scaling, inflammation, and blisters on and between the toes. Athlete's Foot can spread to the soles of the feet and to the toenails as well as other parts of the body, which is why timely treatment is so important.
You can prevent Athlete's Foot by:

• Not walking barefoot, particularly in public pools and locker rooms. 
• Reducing foot perspiration by using talcum powder.
• Wearing light and airy shoes.
• Wearing socks that keep your feet dry, and changing them frequently if you perspire heavily. 

While fungicidal and fungistatic chemicals are usually used to treat Athlete's Foot problems, they often fail to contact the fungi in the lower layers of the skin. For persistent Athlete's Foot, a prescription topical or oral antifungal drug may be needed.
Connecticut Foot Care Centers
Podiatrists in CT
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Spring Walking Tips

Spring is a great time to get yourself off the couch and get on your way to better health. Don't let foot pain slow you down. Follow these helpful tips for your springtime walks and enjoy the weather!

• Wear supportive shoes.
• Wear "moisture wicking" socks. 
• If you've been inactive over the winter, don't over do it. Gradually work into a walking program. 
• Walkers can frequently experience heel pain, especially if you've been inactive over the winter months. 
• If you experience pain in your heels or ankles that does not disappear within two weeks, schedule an exam with our office. 

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Podiatrists in CT
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Zap That Toenail Fungus!

Do you have thick, yellowish, brittle, and easily cracked or broken toenails without having injured them? They are likely discolored due to a fungal infection called onychomycosis, which is the most common disease of the nails.
The nail weakens as fungi continue to grow through the nail tissue. Since fungus grows faster than the nail, damage increases and the nail becomes more and more unsightly, with the infection spreading to the root or base of the nail.

Yeast and mold are also suspected to cause toenail fungus. These types of fungi exist in warm and moist environments, like shower areas, locker rooms, and swimming pools, and even your shoes (as toes are usually encased in shoes). People with circulatory problems, weak immune systems, or diabetes are at greater risk of developing fungal infections as well.
Nail fungus fungus has been difficult to treat with success. The only options in the past have been topical or oral medications, which with the exception of Formula 3, provide limited benefits. In addition, oral medication may cause liver damage. Now there is a safe, effective laser treatment for nail fungus offered in our office. The laser destroys the fungus that causes onychomycosis with very little effect on the surrounding tissues. Treatment normally takes fewer than 20 minutes and there is no pain, although sometimes you may experience a warm or tingling sensation. There are no age or health restrictions for laser treatments.
Laser toenail treatment is considered aesthetic (cosmetic). Therefore most health insurance plans do not cover treatment and it can be costly. Consult with your podiatric physician to determine if this course of treatment is right for you.
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Podiatrists in CT
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Foot Pain Affecting your Golf Swing?

As you head to your favorite golf course this spring, make sure your feet are in shape before approaching the tee box. Your big toe, heel, and ball of your foot are the spots most likely to cause pain that can ruin your golf swing.
Behind these pain-prone spots can lie stiff joints, stretched out tissues, and even nerve damage. But pain relief is possible and frequently does not require surgery.
Three Conditions
The three most common foot conditions that can be the barrier to a perfect golf swing are neuromas, arthritis, and heel pain.

*Neuromas are nerves that become thickened, enlarged, and painful because they've been compressed or irritated. A neuroma in the ball of your foot can cause significant pain as your body transfers its weight from one foot to the other while swinging the club.
*Arthritis can cause pain in the joint of your big toe that makes it difficult to follow through.
*Heel pain typically results from an inflammation of the band of tissue that extends from your heel to the ball of your foot. People with this condition compare the pain to someone jabbing a knife in their heel. Heel pain can make it uncomfortable for golfers to maintain a solid stance during crucial portions of the swing.
Other Pain Conditions
Several other painful conditions can also make the perfect swing difficult. Ankle arthritis or ankle instability can affect the proper weight shift during the golf swing. Some athletes and former athletes develop chronic ankle instability from previous ankle sprains that failed to heal properly. Achilles tendonitis can also contribute to balance threatening instability during your golf swing. Ill-fitting golf shoes may cause corns and calluses that make standing uncomfortable.
Foot pain is not normal. With the treatment options available to your foot and ankle surgeon, a pain-free golf swing is clearly in view. When your feet aren't in top condition, your golf swing won't be either.
Connecticut Foot Care Centers
Podiatrists in CT
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Goodbye Winter Feet!

Spring is right around the corner! It's that time of year when boots and closed-toed shoes go into hibernation and the feet get their first peek at the new season. To some, unveiling the feet after a long cold winter stuck inside of heavy socks and shoes, is a little daunting. Whether it's dry, flaky skin from lack of moisture, discolored toenails, or pesky corns and calluses, the feet can suffer from being cooped up during the winter months. Luckily, a little predebut pampering can go a long way and may be just what the doctor ordered. "Pampering the feet promotes good hygiene and will alert you to any problem areas that may need treatment from a podiatrist before slipping into sandals this spring," says Dr. Craig Kaufman, DPM.

To get the season started off on the right foot, the American Podiatric Medical Association recommends the following ten do-it-yourself tips that will help you confidently slip your feet into the hottest sandal styles of the season. 

1. Soak the feet with warm water for at least 10 minutes. Add Epson salts, herbal soaks, or oils for additional relaxation. 

2. Remove thickened, dead skin build-up (also known as calluses) around the presoaked heels, balls, and sides of the feet with a pumice stone or foot file. Do not use a razor because it removes too much skin and can easily cause infection or permanent damage to the skin if used incorrectly. 

3. Use an exfoliating scrub on the soles, sides, and tops of the feet to eliminate dry, flaky, winter skin. 

4.  Apply and massage a healthy amount of emollient-enriched skin lotion all over your feet to hydrate the skin and increase circulation. Remove any excess moisturizer from the toenails and in between toes as this can be a bastion for bacteria.

5. Clip toenails with a straight edge toenail clipper to just above the top of each toe to ensure nails do not become curved or rounded in the corners. 

6. Before bed, very lightly wrap cellophane around your entire foot. The cellophane will act as a makeshift sauna by locking in moisture. 

7. Apply nail polish to the toenails only if the nail is healthy. Remove polish regularly to let the nail bed breathe.

8. Practice good foot hygiene, including daily washing of the feet with soap and water, drying feet carefully, particularly between the toes. 

9. If any skin or nail conditions exist, see a podiatrist for a medical diagnosis.

10. Inspect your sandals or flip-flops from the previous year. Discard any that appear too worn. 

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Podiatrists in CT

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Foot Myths: Don't Believe What You Hear!

The myths that we perpetuate about health care are often quite humorous, like jumping up and down on one foot to cure hiccups. But many foot treatment myths can be harmful and dangerous. There are a few that we want to dispel:

• Cutting a small "V" in your nail will cure ingrown toenails. Toenails grow from the nail matrix that is located just beneath the skin at the base of the toenail. The idea that putting a small center "V" notch at the end of the nail will cause the nail edges to come away from the skin as the nail "grows together" at the "V" is just not medically possible. Ingrown nails can be prevented permanently with a minor surgical procedure in which the nail matrix (growth plate) on the affected side(s) of the nail is destroyed (typically by a chemical agent, but other methods may be utilized).
• Warts can be "suffocated" with duct tape or salve. While warts may be living viruses, they cannot be suffocated. Warts can appear anywhere on the skin, but technically only those on the sole of the foot are properly called plantar warts. Your podiatric physician can prescribe and supervise your use of a safe and appropriate wart-removal preparation. More likely, however, removal of warts by a simple surgical procedure, performed under local anesthesia, may be indicated. People with diabetes or circulatory, immunological, or neurological problems should be especially careful with the treatment of their warts and seek professional care at all times.
• Heel spurs are "calcium deposits". A heel spur or heel spur syndrome is most often the result of stress on the muscles and fascia of the foot. This stress may form a spur on the bottom of the heel. While many spur are painless, others may produce chronic pain. Based on the condition and the chronic nature of the disease, heel surgery can provide relief of pain and restore mobility in many cases. The type of procedure is based on examination and usually consists of plantar fascia release, with or without heel spur excision. There have been various modification and surgical enhancements regarding surgery of the heel. Your podiatric physician will determine which method is best suited for you. 
• Fungal toenails are contagious.  Fungal infection of the nail, or onychomycosis, is often ignored because the infection can be present for years without causing pain. Unlike the common cold or flu, being around someone afflicted with this condition generally does not pose a risk of acquiring the infection. The disease is characterized by a progressive change in a toenail's quality and color, which is often ugly and embarrassing, however, not usually contagious from casual contact. In reality, the condition is an infection underneath the surface of the nail caused by fungi. If ignored, the infection can spread and possibly impair one's ability to work or even walk. Treatments can vary, depending on the nature and severity of the infection. A podiatric physician can detect a fungal infection early, culture the nail, determine the cause, and form a suitable treatment plan, which may include prescribing topical or oral medication, and debridement (removal of diseased nail matter and debris) of infected nail. Laser nail treatment for fungal toenails may also be a viable option. 
• "It doesn't hurt so that ulcer can't be that bad."  In patients with diabetes an ulcer or open sore on the bottom of the foot can be a sign that should not be ignored, regardless of whether it hurts or not. Diabetes can cause nerve damage in the legs and feet, which can lead to the inability to feel pain. Due to poor blood flow, small sores and cuts that go unnoticed on the feet can lead to hard-to-heal wounds called diabetic ulcers. It is extremely important for patients with diabetes to schedule regular appointments with a podiatrist. Don't let pain be the guide; make foot care a part of your routine of overall care. 

Connecticut Foot Care Centers
Podiatrists in CT
Visit our website, friend and like our page on Facebook, and follow our tweets on Twitter. 

Avoid Spring Ankle Sprains

As the weather warms across the country, we tend to head outside and get active with our favorite activity. But don't let the arrival of springtime sports be the arrival of an ankle sprain.
An ankle sprain is an injury to one or more ligaments, usually on the outside of the ankle. Ligaments are bands of tissue- like rubber bands- that connect one bone to another and bind the joints together. The severity of an ankle sprain depends on whether the ligament is stretched, partially torn, or completely torn.
Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in athletes. Sports that involve quick, sudden movements, such as basketball, tennis, and soccer can trigger these injuries.

If you injure your ankle, don't think it's "just an ankle sprain" and hope it will heal on its own. Any ankle sprain requires prompt medical attention and diagnosis. Left untreated, an ankle sprain can lead to chronic ankle instability. In some cases, an injury may appear to be an ankle sprain when in actuality it is a more severe injury, such as a fracture. A general rule of thumb is to use "R.I.C.E" therapy for an ankle sprain- rest, ice, compression, and elevation- to help reduce swelling, pain, and further injury. It's also important to follow up with our office to assure there hasn't been a more serious injury that could lead to greater problems down the road if left untreated.
Help prevent ankle sprains this spring with these tips:
*Perform exercises that help improve balance, lower leg strength, and flexibility.
*Use warm-up stretches and exercises before playing sports.
*Use an ankle brace if you're recovering from an injury or have repeatedly sprained your ankle.
*Wear the right shoes for the sport. For example, support your ankle by wearing court shoes, not running shoes, when playing sports that involve side-by-side movement, such as tennis and basketball.
Connecticut Foot Care Centers
Podiatrists in CT
 Visit our website, friend and like our page on Facebook, and follow our tweets on Twitter. 

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